(2) Industrial Wave: (Second Wave) - Back to Waves page - Back Homepage

What are the principles of agricultural wave?

What developments took place during this wave?

Man found new sources of energy. Coal and oil gave the energy to work with new tools and machines for production and movement. The six principles of second wave are (i) standardization, (ii) specialization, (iii) synchronization, (iv) concentration, (v) maximization, and (vi) centralization.

During industrial wave, the developments in management of societies took the shape of compliance of instructions, conformity of behaviors, bureaucratic organization, autocratic leadership, centralized control, adversarial relationships, one-way communications, and compartmentalization of actions. This was true for the fields of human endeavor including that of education. In that wave, all educational activities were addressed to develop an industrial man.

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